Urine

Albumin is a foundational protein found in the blood. In early kidney damage—most commonly from hypertension or type 2 diabetes—smaller fragments of albumin called microalbumin appear in the urine.

Identifies bilirubin, a yellow pigment from red blood cell breakdown. Its presence in urine suggests liver dysfunction, bile duct obstruction, or conditions such as hepatitis or cirrhosis. *This add-on test is available for an additional cost and is not included in the $499 membership.

Detects the presence of glucose in urine, which is typically absent in healthy individuals. Elevated levels can indicate diabetes, impaired kidney glucose reabsorption, or high blood sugar levels from stress or medications.

Leukocytes are white blood cells (WBCs), which are vital to health! However, if they’re detected in urine, it may be a sign of inflammation in the urinary tract or kidneys.

Screens for microscopic blood in urine, which can be caused by minor issues like exercise or infections, as well as conditions such as kidney stones or inflammation.

Measures protein levels in urine, which should typically be low. Elevated protein levels may indicate kidney disease, infections, high blood pressure, or conditions causing increased permeability of the kidney’s filtering system.

Formed from the breakdown of cells in the kidney tubules. Their presence suggests kidney damage, often due to conditions like chronic kidney disease, acute tubular necrosis, or severe dehydration.

Measures red blood cells in urine, which may indicate bleeding in the urinary tract. Causes include infections, kidney stones, trauma, or more serious conditions like bladder or kidney cancer.

Assesses urine clarity, which can be clear, slightly cloudy, or turbid. Cloudy urine may indicate the presence of bacteria, white blood cells, protein, crystals, or mucus, suggesting infection or other urinary tract conditions. *This add-on test is available for an additional cost and is not included in the $499 membership.

Evaluates the pigmentation of urine, which can range from pale yellow to dark amber. Variations may be influenced by hydration levels, diet, medications, or medical conditions such as liver disease or hematuria (blood in urine).

Detects ketone bodies, which are produced when fat is metabolized for energy instead of carbohydrates. High levels are seen in uncontrolled diabetes (diabetic ketoacidosis), prolonged fasting, starvation, or ketogenic diets.

Increased nitrites in urine can indicate an infection in the urinary tract, anywhere from the kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Healthy urine has chemicals called nitrates. When bacteria enter the urinary tract, nitrates can transform into nitrites.

The goal of testing pH is to identify if there’s an acid-base imbalance, to determine how severe the imbalance is, and to help diagnose underlying diseases or conditions (such as diabetic ketoacidosis, a life-threatening complication of diabetes). Testing also helps monitor critical illnesses that affect acid-base balance, such as chronic lung disease and kidney disease.

Measures urine concentration by comparing its density to water. High values indicate concentrated urine, often due to dehydration or kidney dysfunction, while low values may suggest overhydration or impaired kidney function.

Counts white blood cells in urine, which may indicate infection, inflammation, or immune system activity. An increased count is commonly associated with UTIs or kidney infections.